`` Eat Like A Man, Man The Advertisement For Their New...

â€Å"Eat like a man, man.† The statement over which Burger King left its viewers pondering upon witnessing the â€Å"I Am Man† promotional advertisement for their new Texas Double Whopper burger. This brief but influential advert left its viewers wondering whether their diet was masculine or feminine. Within the advertisement, Burger King establishes a theme of power and masculinity, promoting gender roles and stereotypes while belittling the feminist movement through making a mockery of it. The theme of masculinity and power is very apparent within the ad as throughout the entire video, a group of mainly muscular men unite in order to satisfy their manly appetite. This is conveyed by the males constantly chanting â€Å"I Am Man†(Burger King.2007), expressing determination to eat a Texas Double Whopper as other foods just don t quite cut it. The advertisement is likely directed towards males in Western cultures, as the main characters are all masculine and in a very North American style environment. The Burger King advert is completely unrealistic and a gimmick, with the characters in the ad over exaggerating a male s physical strength, effectively distorting reality. Burger King’s promotional video for their new burger is created with a gender binary perspective, adequately reinforcing gender roles within society. These gender roles play a significant factor in a person s everyday life, as the media aids in solidifying heteronormativity to be the standard today. Humans have a veryShow MoreRelatedDesigning a Customer Driven Statergy23698 Words   |  95 Pagessandwiches at McDonald’s and Burger King. Starbucks and other high-end cafes began sprouting up, bringing more competition. Sales slid as the company clung to its strategy of selling sugary doughnuts by the dozen. In the mid-1990s, however, Dunkin’ shifted its focus from doughnuts to coffee in the hope that promoting a more frequently consumed item would drive store traffic. The coffee push worked—coffee now makes up 62 percent of sales. And Dunkin’s sales are growing at a double-digit clip, with profitsRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words    |  1617 Pagesorder to succeed. Visit www.mymanagementlab.com to learn more. DEVELOPING MANAGEMENT SKILLS EIGHTH EDITION David A. Whetten BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY Kim S. Cameron UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN Prentice Hall Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo Editorial Director: Sally Yagan Editor in Chief: Eric Svendsen

The Tuskegee Study Of Untreated Syphilis - 1285 Words

In 1932, the U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS) initiated a study entitled the â€Å"Tuskegee Study of Untreated Syphilis in the Negro Male† in Macon County, Alabama to record the natural course of latent, untreated syphilis in Black males and explore treatment possibilities (Center for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2017). Macon County, Alabama, in which the town of Tuskegee is located, was selected as the location of this study because earlier studies conducted in the rural South by the USPHS to determine the prevalence of syphilis among Blacks found this county to have the highest syphilis rate of the six counties surveyed (Brandt, 1978). Dr. Taliaferro Clark, Chief of the USPHS Venereal Disease Division, believed the high rates of†¦show more content†¦The panel criticized the study for the lack of voluntary informed consent and the failure to offer treatment when it became available (CDC, 2017). The panel concluded that the study was â€Å"ethically unjustified† (Lock et al., 2001) and ordered its immediate termination. At the time the study was terminated in October 1972, only 74 subjects were still alive, 28 subjects died from advanced syphilis, possibly more than 100 died of related complications, 40 of their wives had been infected, and 19 of their children were born with congenital syphilis (Heintzelman, 2003). The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) filed a lawsuit on behalf of the men in 1972, resulting in a $9 million settlement in 1974 (Lock et al., 2001). In 1997, President Bill Clinton issued a formal apology to the men and their family members (Heintzelman , 2003). African Americans have worst health outcomes of all major racial, ethnic and demographic groups in the U.S. According to Gaston Alleyne-Green (2013), an estimated 233,624 African Americans died from AIDS-related illness in 2007, yet they are less likely to receive antiretroviral medications, are more likely to report poor adherence to medication regimens, and have a disproportionally higher HIV-related morbidity and mortality rate than their White and HispanicShow MoreRelatedThe Tuskegee Study Of Untreated Syphilis1579 Words   |  7 Pages The Tuskegee Study of Untreated Syphilis in the Negro Male: Research Ethics Tenzin Choeying Lehman College NUR 302 Ways of Knowing Nursing Research Faculty: Dr. Linda Scheetz 10/12/2016 In 1932, US public health service launched most shameful and hideous non-therapeutic experiment on human being in the medical history of the US. The practitioner on the Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment promised free medical care to over hundreds of African American desperately poorRead MoreRacism and Research the Tuskegee Syphilis Study Essay1087 Words   |  5 PagesThe Case of the Tuskegee Syphilis Study | | This essay examines the Tuskegee Syphilis Study, wherein for 40 years (1932-1972) hundreds of black men suffering from advanced syphilis were studied but not treated. The 40-year study was controversial for reasons related to ethical standards; primarily because researchers knowingly failed to treat patients appropriately after the 1940s validation of penicillin as an effective cure for the disease they were studying. To explore the role of the racismRead MoreThe Tuskegee Syphilis Study Is Still Alive1269 Words   |  6 PagesThe Tuskegee Syphilis Study is Still Alive Cells that live and multiply forever were harvested and cultured from a black woman named Henrietta Lacks. Many people made a profit off of her cells, and she nor her family knew anything about it. â€Å"Black scientists and technicians, many of them women, used cells from a black woman to help save the lives of millions of Americans, most of them white. And they did so on the same campus- and at the very same time- that state officials were conducting the infamousRead MoreRacism And Research : The Tuskegee Syphilis Study1294 Words   |  6 PagesRacism and Research: the Case of the Tuskegee Syphilis Study In the article Racism and Research: the Case of the Tuskegee Syphilis Study, by Allen M. Brandt, he discusses a few mains point. The main points of the article is Racism and Medical Opinions, the origins of the experiment, how they selected the subjects, and the HEW final report. In the first point, Racism and Medical Opinions, many of the scientist believed that even with all the â€Å"education or philanthropy† the black Americans can’t beRead MoreTuskegee Syphilis Essay1565 Words   |  7 PagesThe Tuskegee syphilis study highlighted the effects of untreated syphilis in African American males by withholding syphilis treatment that was available to these men. In addition, Tuskegee syphilis study demonstrated how the participants’ rights were taken for granted or even minimized in order to obtain information on how the human body was affected by untreated syphilis. This study allows one to view how the ethical rights were violated and allows for guidelines to be established preventing futureRead MoreThe Tuskegee s Tuskegee Experiment986 Words   |  4 Pages The Tuskegee Experiment, is one of the most well known blunders of United States medical research in the 20th century. Not only was it entirely unethical and inhumane, but it also highlighted the problems of racism and inequality in the medical world and the entire country at that time. By examining and reviewing the history, consequences, racism, results, and conclusion of the Tuskegee Experiment, it can perhaps shed some light on the barbaric events that transpired throughout the research. AsRead MoreEssay on tuskegee syphilis study1502 Words   |  7 PagesThe Tuskegee Syphilis Study was an unethical prospective study based on the differences between white and black males that began in the 1930’s. This study involved the mistreatment of black males and their families in an experimental study of the effects of untreated syphilis. With very little knowledge of the study or the disease by participants, the Tuskegee Syphilis Study can be seen as one of the worst forms of injustices in the United States history. Even though one could argue that the studyRead MoreSyphilis And The Tuskegee Syphilis969 Words   |  4 PagesThe Tuskegee Syphilis Study of 1932 studied approximately six hundred twenty-five â€Å"disadvantaged rural black men† (Pozgar, 2016) that both had syphilis and did not have syphilis. This study, named Tuskegee Study of Untreated Syphilis in the Negro Male (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2013), was conducted by the Public Healt h Service from 1932 to 1972, however was only projected to last 6 months (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2013). The purpose of the study was to showRead MoreEssay on The Ethic of the Tuskegee Syphilis Study738 Words   |  3 PagesRunning head: THE TUSKEGEE SYPHILIS STUDY The Tuskegee Syphilis Study Thomas Shaw Grand Canyon University PHL 305 7/25/2010 Introduction The Tuskegee Syphilis Study was developed to study the affects of Syphilis on adult black males. The intention of the study was to find ways to improve the quality of health in African Americans in the southern states. While the treatment phase of the program was beginning, America fell into the great depression and the benefactor, The Julius RosenwaldRead MoreThe Tuskegee Syphilis Study And The Stanford Prison Experiment883 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout the history of psychological studies unprincipled violations have constructed ethical standards that are essential in today’s research. These moral dilemmas created established professional and federal standards for performing research with human and animal participants, known as, psychological ethical codes. The Tuskegee syphilis study and the Stanford prison experiment highlighted a psychological study without proper patients’ consent and appropriate treatment, resulting in a research

Blood Brothers Essay Example For Students

Blood Brothers Essay The play, Blood Brothers written by Willy Russell was set in Liverpool, Liverpool had been home to one of the highest levels of unemployment within the developed world. The play was set in the 1960s. Russell wrote it at this time because there was low morale and a lot of unemployment. Willy Russell set it at that time because there was a big difference between upper class and the working class. This affects our reading of the play because we feel sorry for the Johnstone family. We feel sorry for mrs Johnstone because she is struggling to keep up with payments for basic needs. At the beginning of the play we are introduced to the character Mrs Johnstone. She is aged thirty but looks more like fifty This illustrates how difficult her life has been. Immediately we, the audience feel sympathy for her. In the song Marilyn Monroe we see how her life was when she young. We realise she has been abandoned by her husband and sympathise that she has, seven hungry mouths to feed and no support from anyone. She is struggling to keep up with payments for basic needs such as milk, we feel sorry for her because the milk man is stubborn and arrogant, we see this when he says no money, no milk This shows us that the milk man has no sympathy and is not being very understanding towards Mrs Johnstones situation. To earn some money Mrs Johnstone the house of Mrs Lyons, she is so desperate to keep the job she makes commitments and says things such as I wont even need to take one day off, I love this job She is just managing to scrape by now that she has the job, this shows that the job means everything to her and she cant afford to lose it. During the fun song Mrs Johnstone acquires a mop and bucket, this shows how her boring job has changed her life. In the play we see that Mrs Johnstones life totally contrasts with Mrs Lyons life, we see this in many different ways during the play, one way is when Mrs Lyons walks through the door with a package in hand, Mrs Lyons walking through the door with a a package highlights the fact that she can afford to buy packages where as Mrs Johnstone cant afford to treat herself or her kids for that matter and struggles to pay for the basics. One of the other ways their lives contrast is when Mrs Johnstone comments on Mrs Lyons large house, this is one of the only ways Mrs Johnstone can get anywhere near such a house, we see this when Mrs Johnstone say Its a great job, Its such a lovely house, its a pleasure to clean it The shows us that she like cleaning the house not only for the money but to be able to be in a large house full of wealth and nicely decorated. Mrs Johnstone is a very religious person and Mrs Lyons uses this in many ways to weaken Mrs Johnstone. An example of Mrs Johnstone being weakened and manipulated is Mrs Lyons saying with two more children how can you possibly avoid some of them going into care? This weakens Mrs Johnstone because it makes her think and she might get very upset about the thought of loosing one of her own children. Mrs Johnstone gets blacked mailed by Mrs Lyons about the welfare of the children, we see this when Mrs Johnstone announces that she will be having twins, Mrs Lyons says Your already being chased by the welfare people this would make Mrs Johnstone think about what she is going to do, Mrs Lyons takes advantage of this situation and quickly says surely its better if you gave on child to me, at least if the child was with me you could see it every day, as you came to work this could put Mrs Johnstone on the spot and make a quick decision. Byre by Norman MacCaig EssayThere was a lot of action in the play, which there needed it to be if it was to be effective, such as when the twins got shot, it wouldnt have been as effective as it was if they had done a stylised scene, also using lots of action made the play easier to relate to, as it is harder to relate to characters if they are in stylised scenes, because too dont get to know their characters on a personal level. The moment in which Eddy and Mickey got shot had a lot of tension build up, but also an element of surprise, as the beginning of the play tells us that the twins will die, but the fact that the policemen came out of the audience and did it was unexpected, which made people jump, so it was more memorable. The play covers a long period of time (about 30 years) in two and a half hours, which would be quite hard to follow if it was done in a different way than Blood Brothers. Blood Brothers tells us the story firstly by the script, secondly by song then thirdly by the narration, doing it like this meant that we were told 3 times what was happening so it was easier to understand. I found that the narrator was the most memorable character as he had a strong voice and added an element of creepiness into the play, though in some parts the characters can see and hear the narrator they dont refer to him in the script, perhaps either because he is the devil in all of us, or maybe a voice in our heads. I think the issues raised in the play are quite taboo, the idea that perhaps generally all bad things happen to the working class and they turn to crime, and the upper class have it good. I thought that all the characters were superb, but especially the narrator and Mrs Johnstone. Overall, I enjoyed the play and thought it was well written and well acted, even if some of the songs werent particularly good.

Public Policy and Hurricane Katrina

Public policy refers to the guided approaches used by governments or government agencies to cover a specified class of issues that need the attention of the government (Stewart, Hedge Lester, 2007). Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Public Policy and Hurricane Katrina specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Although public policy is meant to cater for a myriad of government initiatives, it sometimes become evident when a nation is faced with an emergency and it needs an elaborate plan to cater for such emergencies. When the US government was faced by the disastrous hurricane Katrina, it responded with elaborate policies to ensure that the disaster and its effects were contained. Hurricane Katrina is one of the most memorable natural disasters in the history of the United States due to its magnitude of destruction (Stewart, Hedge Lester, 2007). It led to loss of properties, loss of lives and deformation of the nat ural land, which is of great importance to human beings as well as for the economy of the United Sates of America at large. Its effects were extremely exhibited in such places like Mississippi, Louisiana City of New Orleans, and Alabama. Two days before the disaster, the president had declared a state of emergency in several regions such as Mississippi, Louisiana and Alabama (Stewart, Hedge Lester, 2007) The government responded to the hurricane by use of several agencies. Among the agencies that were used by the government was Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). Stewart, Hedge and Lester (2007) also note that other stakeholders that took part in this response were private individuals, NGOs and local-level agencies. This illustrated the concern and empathy that people showed towards the affected ones. People living in Louisiana and coastal Mississippi as well as in Alabama were quickly issued with evacuation orders either voluntarily or by use of force. Among those issued with evacuation orders were about one million, two hundred thousand residents in the Gulf Coast (Stewart, Hedge Lester, 2007).Advertising Looking for assessment on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) was sued due to the failures of the hurricane protection measures especially due to the role of the identified agency in designing the levee system (Stewart, Hedge Lester, 2007). Army Corps engineers were found solely responsible, but their sovereign immunity protected them from being held accountable. The response that was received during the crisis from the federal state as well as local government was also investigated. This forced the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) director to resign (Stewart, Hedge Lester, 2007). The resignation of the director contributed to the slowness in the operation offered by the Federal Emergency Management Agency, and of New Orleans Police D epartment (NOPD). However, there were areas where the response was highly commended such as the United States Coast Guard (USCG) and the National Hurricane Center (Stewart, Hedge Lester, 2007). The government on its side failed in timely delivery of goods as well as early rescue of victims of the hurricane Katrina. Generally, the government of the United States of America should be solely committed to natural disasters that may occur in the country through timely response to the situation and provision of the necessities to the affected individuals. The public on the other hand should also play a role in giving support to the affected persons through their generous contributions. Non Governmental Organizations should offer their support to victims of such disasters fully. These include assisting homeless individuals through tent construction and also creating awareness on the effects of natural disasters. This would ensure full protection of the public as well as solidarity and un ity in the country. Reference Stewart, J., Hedge, D. M. Lester, J.P. (2007). Public Policy: An Evolutionary Approach.New York: Cengage. This assessment on Public Policy and Hurricane Katrina was written and submitted by user Delilah Benson to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on The Rape Of The Lock

and armor. However despite the similarities of the subject matter there is a crucial difference between the two authors: the depiction of women Pope portrays women as shallow vapid creatures completely absorbed in the social trivialities of their upper crust world. Congreve on the other hand paints a kinder picture of the â€Å"gentler sex†. A woman, despite being a good herself, has certain resources at her disposal: wit (intellect), her sexuality, and wealth. The women in Congreve’s world all have some form of power and are distinctly aware that these are bargaining chips to â€Å"conquer† a man into a good marriage i.e. a marriage that provides wealth and respectability. Essentially Congreve portrays women similarly to men as creatures with real concerns, intellect, power but limited so that it is a struggle to achieve one’s goals while Pope portrays them as beautiful inconsequential ornaments. The pursuit of women, in Congreve’s it is the witty Millamant and in Pope’s it is the ravishing Belinda, drives the plots of both stories. In both texts these beautiful and virginal â€Å"prizes† can only be won through much verbal maneuvering and ambushes. In Congreve’s ... Free Essays on The Rape of the Lock Free Essays on The Rape of the Lock Dehumanizing Women Women are portrayed as commodities in both Alexander Pope’s â€Å"The Rape of the Lock† and in William Congreve’s â€Å"The Way of the World†. However in Congreve’s â€Å"Rape of the Lock† women play a more active and cognizant role wrangling a suitable marriage than in Pope’s poem. In both texts elite society is portrayed as a group that have complex social interactions. The stakes are quite high: marriage. Marriage in those days was not simply a matter of the heart, but it is an institution that defined people’s class status, wealth, and connections. This is a battlefield of affection and the spoils of marriage go to the victor. Here the weapons are verbal spars and witty parries replacing the clash of metallic swords and armor. However despite the similarities of the subject matter there is a crucial difference between the two authors: the depiction of women Pope portrays women as shallow vapid creatures completely abs orbed in the social trivialities of their upper crust world. Congreve on the other hand paints a kinder picture of the â€Å"gentler sex†. A woman, despite being a good herself, has certain resources at her disposal: wit (intellect), her sexuality, and wealth. The women in Congreve’s world all have some form of power and are distinctly aware that these are bargaining chips to â€Å"conquer† a man into a good marriage i.e. a marriage that provides wealth and respectability. Essentially Congreve portrays women similarly to men as creatures with real concerns, intellect, power but limited so that it is a struggle to achieve one’s goals while Pope portrays them as beautiful inconsequential ornaments. The pursuit of women, in Congreve’s it is the witty Millamant and in Pope’s it is the ravishing Belinda, drives the plots of both stories. In both texts these beautiful and virginal â€Å"prizes† can only be won through much verbal maneuvering and ambushes. In Congreve’s ... Free Essays on The Rape Of The Lock As the name indicates, the Mock-Epic is a literary form that ridicules the ‘classical epics.’ It does so by using characteristics of the classical epic; the invocation of a deity, a regular statement of theme, the division of the work into books and cantos, ostentatious speeches, battles and supernatural machinery; to reveal the absurdity of a certain subject. The main consequence of utilizing the style of an epic is, however, not so much to have fun with the epic, but to deflate a subject or characters that by contrast appear exceptionally insignificant. One of the best examples of a Mock Epic is Alexander Pope's The Rape of the Lock. Pope uses highly refined verses, pungent satirical heroic couplets, and intelligence to satirize not only the irrepressible intricacy and solemnity of subject matters found within epic poems, but the commotion that results when a young lord cuts a small lock of hair from the head of an young beauty. In The Rape of the Lock, Pope exhausts much energy preparing the audience for a ‘battle’ (card game) that will shortly take place, that of English intrigue at Hampton Court. Pope treats the subject with gravity, portraying the story as a true epic. Pope's intent was perhaps to weaken, with pleasantry, the adverse feelings aroused by the trial of the episode. Pope is asking the reader to laugh, to see how an event of little significance has been filled with importance. Though its manner may be light, its purpose is completely earnest; it keeps the public conscience mindful, it exhibits absurdity for what it is, and makes those prone to embrace senseless or garish customs conscious that they are ludicrous. Thus, his work is ranked more accurately as a bemused satire. In other words, Pope aimed to show to society the absurdity of the subject, rather than to abhor them as wrong. The main subject that Pope mocks is beauty. Pope addresses beauty in a multitude of ways. The Rape of the Lock discloses...

The Invention of Velcro

The Invention of Velcro Its hard to imagine what we would do without Velcro, the versatile hook-and-loop fastener used in so many aspects of modern life- from disposable diapers to the aerospace industry. Yet the ingenious invention came about almost by accident. Velcro was the creation of Swiss engineer Georges de Mestral, who had been inspired by a walk in the woods with his dog in 1941. Upon their return home, de Mestral noticed that burrs (from the burdock plant) had attached themselves to his pants and to his dogs fur. De Mestral, an amateur inventor and a curious man by nature, examined the burrs under a microscope. What he saw intrigued him. De Mestral would spend the next 14 years attempting to duplicate what he saw under that microscope before introducing Velcro to the world in 1955. Examining the Burr Most of us have had the experience of burrs clinging to our clothing (or our pets), and considered it a mere annoyance, never wondering why it actually happens. Mother Nature, however, never does anything without a specific reason. Burrs have long served the purpose of ensuring the survival of various plant species. When a burr (a form of a seed pod) attaches itself to an animals fur, it is carried by the animal to another location where it eventually falls off and grows into a new plant. De Mestral was more concerned with the how than the why. How did so small an object exert such a stronghold? Under the microscope, de Mestral could see that the tips of the burr, which appeared to the naked eye as stiff and straight, actually contained tiny hooks that can attach themselves to fibers in clothing, similar to a hook-and-eye fastener. De Mestral knew that if he could somehow recreate the simple hook system of the burr, he would be able to produce an incredibly strong fastener, one with many practical uses. Finding the Right Stuff De Mestrals first challenge was finding a fabric he could use to create a strong bonding system. Enlisting the help of a weaver in Lyon, France (an important textile center), de Mestral first tried using cotton. The weaver produced a prototype with one cotton strip containing thousands of hooks and the other strip made up of thousands of loops. De Mestral found, however, that the cotton was too soft- it could not stand up to repeated openings and closures. For several years, de Mestral continued his research, looking for the best material for his product, as well as the optimal size of loops and hooks. After repeated testing, de Mestral eventually learned that synthetics worked best, and settled on heat-treated nylon, a strong and durable substance. In order to mass-produce his new product, de Mestral also needed to design a special type of loom that could weave the fibers in just the right size, shape, and density- this took him several more years. By 1955, de Mestral had completed his improved version of the product. Each square inch of material contained 300 hooks, a density that had proven strong enough to stay fastened, yet was easy enough to pull apart when needed. Velcro Gets a Name and a Patent De Mestral christened his new product Velcro, from the French words velours (velvet) and crochet (hook). (The name Velcro refers only to the trademarked brand created by de Mestral). In 1955, de Mestral received a patent for Velcro from the Swiss government. He took out a loan to begin mass-producing Velcro, opening plants in Europe and eventually expanding into Canada and the United States. His Velcro USA plant opened in Manchester, New Hampshire in 1957 and is still there today. Velcro Takes Off De Mestral had originally intended Velcro to be used for clothing as a zipper-less zipper, but that idea was not initially successful. During a 1959 New York City fashion show that highlighted clothing with Velcro, critics deemed it ugly and cheap-looking. Velcro thus became associated more with athletic wear and equipment than with haute couture. In the early 1960s, Velcro received a huge boost in popularity when NASA began using the product to keep objects from floating around under zero-gravity conditions. NASA later added Velcro to astronauts space suits and helmets, finding it more convenient than the snaps and zippers that were previously used. In 1968, Velcro replaced shoelaces for the first time when athletic shoe manufacturer Puma introduced the worlds first sneakers fastened with Velcro. Since then, Velcro fasteners have revolutionized footwear for children. Even the very young are able to independently fasten their own Velcro shoes well before they learn how to tie their laces. How We Use Velcro Today Today, Velcro is in use seemingly everywhere, from the healthcare setting (blood pressure cuffs, orthopedic devices, and surgeons gowns) to clothing and footwear, sporting and camping equipment, toys and recreation, airline seat cushions, and more. Most impressively, Velcro was used in the first human artificial heart transplantation to hold together parts of the device. Velcro is also used by the military but has recently undergone some modifications. Because Velcro can be too noisy in a combat setting, and because it has a tendency to become less effective in dust-prone areas (such as Afghanistan), it has been temporarily removed from military uniforms. In 1984, on his late-night television show, comedian David Letterman, wearing a Velcro suit, had himself catapulted onto a Velcro wall. His successful experiment launched a new trend: Velcro-wall jumping. De Mestrals Legacy Over the years, Velcro has evolved from a novelty item into a near-necessity in the developed world. De Mestral very likely never dreamed of how popular his product would become, nor the countless ways it could be used. The process de Mestral used to develop Velcro- examining an aspect of nature and using its properties for practical applications- has come to be known as biomimicry. Thanks to Velcros phenomenal success, de Mestral became a very wealthy man. After his patent expired in 1978, many other companies began producing hook-and-loop fasteners, but none are allowed to call their product Velcro, a trademarked name. Most of us, however- just as we call tissues Kleenex- refer to all hook-and-loop fasteners as Velcro. Georges de Mestral died in 1990 at the age of 82. He was inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame in 1999.

Most Beautiful Day Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Most Beautiful Day - Personal Statement Example My friend who was driving at this time has become quieter and the drive was going really smooth. We pulled off the road to re-fuel and after we left the gas station got a "low battery" sign on the dashboard light up. The vehicle also warned that we turn off all the electronics as soon as possible. We decided to do it right away only to be warned again with a "turn engine off immediately" message on the vehicle's computer. It was really dark outside at that point and we were scared some car would think our car is moving and would hit it, and we would be hit as well. By the time we crossed the highway to stop the car on the side, and run outside the car baffled and confused there was already heavy smoke coming from the car. We ran away from the car fearing it was about to explode at anytime. We only stopped at a road construction site where we could be safe from all the trucks and cars going at 100/150 km/h just 5 meters from us. We did not know what to do or exactly where we were. Since we had a French cell phone we could not call SOS in Italy. Survival time on a highway is estimated to be about 12 minutes, and we had been there for 40 minutes when finally we saw someone to come noticed us and slowed down. We arrived in Geneva at 2 am (had left Monaco at 5pm).

Term paper - micro eco Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

- micro eco - Term Paper Example The prices to be charged for the product are also negotiated in the market. The market structure is the term used to define the features of a market. This essay would provide a epigrammatic description of the general types of market structures in the economy. Situation Analysis This section of the essay would explain the different types of market structures: Perfect Competition This type of market structure is hypothetical in the real world at present. In a perfectly competitive market the number of sellers and buyers in the market are infinite in number. Since the number of sellers and buyers are infinite in number, the sellers and buyers are the ‘price takers’ of the products and the services in the market. Since the sellers cannot set the prices of the products, they try to maximize their business returns through the policy of revenue maximization. The types of the products sold by these sellers are homogeneous in nature. This is the reason for which the seller in thi s type of a market structure does not adopt the method of advertisement to sell their products. In the long run, all the sellers in this type of market structure enjoy normal profit (total cost = total revenue). ... Figure 2: Firms Demand in Perfect Competition (Source: McEachern 165) Since the product is homogeneous in nature, the price for every unit would be same so the sellers as shown in the above diagram would face a perfectly elastic demand curve (d). Figure 3: Firms Output Determination (Source: McEachern 173) The sellers in this market system would continue produce till the marginal cost curve would be >= the average variable cost curve. Thus the point 1 is the shut down point of the firms. This is a point in which the firm would only incur the fixed cost loss. This the portions of the marginal cost curve that a lie above the average variable cost curve is the supply curve of the perfect competitive sellers. Figure 4: Long Run Equilibrium (Source: McEachern 177) As shown in the above graph, in the long run all the firms would only enjoy normal profit. It would be at e, where the long run average cost curves (LRAC), average total cost curve (ATC), marginal cost curve (MC) and the demand or average revenue curve would intersect. Figure 5: Net Social Welfare Maximization (Source: McEachern 184) As shown in the above graph, the net social welfare is maximized in a perfectly competitive market structure, as it generates the maximum amount of consumer surplus. Monopoly Unlike perfect competition, the monopoly market structure is displays complete imperfect competition. In this type of a market structure there is only one seller and many buyers in the market. The single seller has the power to determine the price of the product of the service, thus a monopoly seller is a ‘price maker’ in the market. The monopoly seller may sell homogeneous or

American Literature Essay Example for Free

American Literature Essay On learning that his gay lover â€Å"Prior Walter† was infected with AIDS, Louis Ironson being unable to cope quits the relationship. Joe is offered a good promotion by fellow homosexual and lawyer â€Å"Roy Cohn†, unknowing to Joe, Roy has AIDS, which he contacted from Prior. Angels and ghosts visited Prior and told him he was a prophet, Joe struggles to reconcile his religion with his sexuality; Louis blames himself for leaving Prior and begins a relationship with Joe. Harper who was mentally derailed due to her addiction to taking pills regularly and had her problems worsened as she realizes that her husband ‘Joe’ is gay. She is very sensitive and weak, but loves her husband and wants to keep her home. Joe’s mother, Hannah moves to New York to attempt to take care of Harper and meets Prior. Harper separates from Joe and Roy is hospitalized. Tony Kushner shows some heavy Biblical references and references to American society, as well as some fantastical scenes including voyages to Antarctica and Heaven, as well as key events happening in San Francisco and at Bethesda Fountain in Central Park. I think Kushner wants to show how unhappy people could be and have lots of secret and can’t trust themselves in the modern life.

The History of Buckman Company Essay -- Laboratories Water Treatment P

The History of Buckman Company Founded in 1945 by Dr. Stanley Buckman Buckman started the company in Memphis, Tennessee, with five employees in a small building located on land that was once a lumberyard. Offices and laboratories were located on the first floor of the building, and a 50-gallon black iron chemical reactor and a steam boiler were placed in the basement. The 50-gallon black iron chemical reactor was sufficient to supply the initial order for 20 gallons of a microbicide, trade name BSM-11, to the company’s first customer – Whiting Paper Company. Three years later, BSM-11 and its derivatives had become the industry standard for microorganism control. Soon a new production facility was built next door and Buckman Laboratories of Canada was formed. During the 1950s, the company’s customer base expanded to include the leather, paint, sugar processing, agriculture, paint, coatings and plastics industries. During the 1960s, new manufacturing and sales companies were formed in Mexico and Belgium. The expansion during the 1970s followed with the opening of sales and manufacturing companies in South Africa and Brazil and a sales company in Australia. New products were introduced for water treatment, ranging from swimming pools to fresh water, and a new international headquarters housing all corporate activities, including Research and Development, were built in Memphis. In 1978, Dr. Stanley Buckman died of a heart attack in his office His son, Robert (Bob), became the new chairman and CEO. In 1945, Buckman Laboratories started with one product, a 50-gallon process vessel and four employees in a small house in Memphis, Tennessee. Today, Buckman is a global business producing over 500 different products and employing over 1,300 people in over 70 countries. The company was originally founded on its unique ability to create and manufacture innovative solutions for controlling the growth of microorganisms. Ever since its inception, Buckman believes that a specialty chemical supplier should listen to and anticipate customer needs and then respond with innovative and unique solutions. Buckman will continue in the future as it has in the past providing value-added services and products to improve the efficiencies and products. 2. PROVIDE A SHORT DISCUSSION OF THE KEY MANAGEMENT OF THE COMPANY. DIS... ...y for all customer information and forums should be developed to include customers. Buckman’s idea was to bring knowledge to the learner rather than bring the learner to the knowledge. Since Buckman employees or â€Å"learners† speak nearly a dozen languages, the frontier issue of instantaneous translation is immanent. The idea of when someone posts a note in English, people in Japan will be able to read it and respond in Japanese, which in turn people can read and respond in Portuguese, Swedish, Dutch, French, etc. Therefore, creating a â€Å"universal† culture within the organization will ensure employee buy-in into the K’Netix system. In the end, the system’s success rests on the people and not the tools. It is 90 percent culture change and 10 percent technology. Driving these changes solely based on technology and technology budgets will not be successful. The employees are who bring about the change. Therefore, by implementing focus groups that include different levels of employees will bring about the change in a successful manner. Additionally, by revamping the mission statement to reflect the culture of the company will give the employees and management a sense of direction.

Are Friends More Important Then Family Essay

In our daily lives, we socialize with a lot of people, because we have been evolved to cooperate with our species in needs of survival against extreme weather and wild carnivores. generally, in our social life, we are personally closest to two groups of humans : families and friends. Families are the group of humans who shared genetic material with us such as: father,mother,brothers,sister,wife,and son.naturally, family is the most important group of humans to me,because of default characteristics of human genes. Too, because i have a lot of great moment with them.For instance, i remember a moment when we went to a beach and have a lot of fun with them. Also, the one that i most remember, when we are struggling together in poor economic condition Friends are the group of humans outside of family and personally close to us .I have a lot of friends from when i was in junior highschool until now in university.But, from all of them i feel closest to my friends from senior high school.Because, like with my families, i have a lot of good moment with them too. For example, the one i would never forget, we always make a joke about our teacher in the class. Moreover, we also have fought together against students from another school. However, besides my love to my friends, my first priority is my family.For instance, if at the same time i have to choose between hangout together with my family and hangout with my friends, i will gladly choose to hangout with my family.

Bread Givers By Anzia Yezierka

The correct date of the birth of Anzia Yezierka is not know but it was in between 1880 or 1885 in a village in Poland. Her father being a Talmudic scholar could not earn therefore the family was living on the money her mother was earning by selling peddling goods and also from the neighbors contribution that were thrilled they way the entire family was being run without her father earning anything. THE NOVEL BREAD GIVERS Her story Bread Givers is based upon the life of a 10 year old American Jewish female who is doing stuff beyond her age.This story is about Sara Smolinksky. She lives with her father Reb Smolinsky, her mother Shenah Smolinsky and her three sister Mashah, Bessie and Fania in a East side apartment in New York. The story opens with the mentioning of the family who are very poor with five women who are besieged for cash just to survive and the man of the house Reb Smolinsky is only concerned with studying the sacred text of Jews. The family is about to starve. Saraâ€⠄¢s elder sisters Fania, Bessie and Mashah are jobless and Mashah spends what money she has on herself just to make her beautiful.The man of the house Reb Smolinsky sits at home all day long, just reading the holy books of Jews and confiscating whatever money his daughters bring home, and this is his duty as a father. When Sara’s mother Shenah Smolinsky shows hopelessness over the entire condition, the youngest daughter Sara goes to the outside world to make some money for the family by selling herring. Than later her elders sisters also find some jobs and Shenah (their mother) gives the second room on rent which somewhat enhances the financial position of the family.Well behaved and quite Bessie soon starts to love a young man name Berel Berenstein. She asks him to come home for dinner. The entire family is happy for Bessie other than her very own father, who thinks that he won’t be able to survive as Bessie was bringing the most money. Berel wants to get married to B essie with nothing in return but her father says that Berel should give money for the whole wedding and also set him a business. This offer is refused by Berel and he goes out of the house. Later he asks Bessie to leave her father and marry him; this offer is rejected by Bessie.Berel gets engaged to another girl, which crushes Bessie’s heart. The next daughter to find love is Mashah. Her love is also believed to be inappropriate by her father. Her love is from a rich family who is a piano player by the name of Jacob Novak. Reb Smolinsky totally disapproved and somehow blackmails Jacob so that he may stay away from Mashah for numerous days thus breaking her heart. Later Jacob asks for pardon which Mashah does not give him and asks her father to kick him out of the house. Fania’s lover is also disapproved by her father who happens to be a poet who is poor.His name is Morris Lipkin. Morris is shown the door by Fania’s father again. Reb Smolinsky than finds his own suitors for his three daughter which makes them all sad. The youngest daughter Sara watches all of this and is very angry at her father because what he has done to her elder sisters, but because of she being a girl and her tender age leaves her helpless. Reb Smolinsky spends almost his entire life ready the Torah and other Holy Jewish books. He is living in his own world where there is only religion, a place which is highly unsuited with what the rest of his family are living.His entire day and night are mainly concerned on the assurance of heaven and contributing generous assistance to other people, which makes him not to realize that on Earth, a man needs to assure that his family are being fed before the strangers. When on a holy work, men seem to be kind and good and also they value the significance of the study, he tries to explain this knowledge to the outside world where sometime people do not even care what your reason is for not giving them anything and try to deceive you t hrough any means. The thing which is most damaging not only to him but also the outside world is he being extremely knowledgeable.He takes this the wrong way and thinks that the outside world is as knowledgeable as he is and at times makes some rather silly decision without consulting his wife who is more sensible. After his decisions thought to be badly made, he does not accept it and makes the decision to be more shameful rather than admitting that he was wrong about it. In Spite of the numerous warnings by Mrs. Smolinsky, her husband Reb takes all the money which he had gotten from Bessie’s marriage and invests into a grocery store which the last owner had fake stock kept all over. He is double crossed. Mrs.Smolinsky and Sara must again act quickly to survive and each day they get more anger from Reb. A day comes when Sara loses it and runs away and decides that she wants to become a teacher. She decides to stay with her sister Mashah or Bessie but because of a bad marriag e and being too poor she does not. She gets her own private room which is dirty and small. She finds a job in a laundry shop to pay for the room and her nights are used up in either taking classes or studying. The main motivating force in the life of Sara is to find her own description of light that she sees glowing from her father.When she was a child she desired for anything that would motivate her, like the poetry of Morris Lipkin did sometimes. She dreamt of becoming a teacher when she was just a teen, so that all of the eyes are focused on her like they are on her father when he is preaching. She manages to find books which motivate her day after day. She later gives up Max Goldstein as because of him she would have left her education, she calms herself by saying that this sacrifice by her is like the rejection of the world’s success by her father to better study the Torah.When she gets to know that what is meant by inner light, the first thing that comes in her mind tha t this she would like to share with her father, thinking that he is the one who will understand what she is thinking. She decides that she wants to gain knowledge more than anything else in the world and she gives her entire time and force to obtain that knowledge like her father does when he is studying his books. In her mission to find internal light, Sara is perfects her logic of fury at the unfairness by many people.Even though she has no sort of man backing, still she is tough to be angry at a restaurant cook who gives her a less amount of meat only due to the fact that she is a woman. She is also angry at Jacob and Berel for breaking her sister’s heart and her hate for her father starts when she sees that he is denying them a life of their own. This fighting of injustice is what makes Sara and her father to reunite again and this is motivated by the promise of her mother to take care of her father when she is lying on her death bed.When she sees the way his new wife is treating her father, she decided to live with her father under the same house. The light of her father seems to be finishing but only Sara knows that it is vital that it should be lit. The path that Sara chooses is not easy. She faces favoritism for being a woman and also because she is living alone, her fellow employees shuns her, her mother wants her to come back, her elder sisters who are unhappy with their life want Sara to find herself a husband.Sara is very lonely and when she meets a friend of Fania, whose name is Max Goldstein, she thinks of getting married to him but later refuses as she comes to know that Max is not interested in her but her possessions. When her father hears about this, he is so angry at Sara that he quickly says that Sara is no longer his daughter. For Sara another fight is her College besides the loneliness and poverty she faces, but Sara wants to live a good, clean and a beautiful life like the people who are around her.She later graduates and finds a job at a New York school. She gets a good salary and with that she buys better clothes, rents a bigger and better apartment. But this ends quickly as she gets to know that her mother is sick. Even though her mother is on the sick bed, her father married another women Mrs. Feinstein who is a widow living upstairs. She is a cruel woman who decides to take money from her new stepchildren. All of the Reb’s four daughters decide to stop talking to their father. Due to her unanticipated poverty, Mrs.Feinstein writes a letter to the principal of the School where Sara is working. The principal, Hugo Seelig after reading the letter becomes more close to Sara and their friendship turns into love after they get to know that they share the same cultural heritage. This relationship helps Sara to get rid of her loneliness and after finding her happiness she decides to go back to her father, Hugo agrees with her and the novel ends with Hugo and Sara inviting Reb Smolinsky to live with them, thus making Sara’s life a happy one. Conclusion:This novel by Anzia Yezierska is based on fiction; the story of the Jewish family of the Smolinsky’s is quite the same which in reality was faces by many Jews who traveled from the Eastern part of Europe. This story tells how did Sara a young girl to struggle and than gained what she always wanted to gain. This novel tells that good knowledge is essential. It is important that you look after your family besides doing religious preaching. This story tells us that if your strong from the inside than you can overcome anything in this world. Conclusion †¢ Yezierska, Anzia. Bread Givers Publisher: Persea Books; New Ed edition (May 1

Media and Propaganda essays

Media and Propaganda essays Media and Propaganda Media and propaganda have played an important role in swaying and pacifying the opinions of the people of nations throughout wars in the twentieth century. Media is information and news that is brought about by an organization, which is set to inform the public of ongoing happenings and events nationally and internationally, ( World Book, vol. 13). Propaganda is a form of media, newspapers, radio, television, posters, books, and other publications, any systematic, widespread dissemination, which is twisted and changed, in an attempt to change the views of people, usually in the time of war. Propaganda has to appeal to its audience in three ways: call for action or opinion, make the action or opinion sound right and moral, and it must provide a pleasant feeling, ( World Book Encyclopedia, Vol. 15). These significant factors can drastically turn the tides of war in only a short time. The Cold War was a war unlike any other. It was not a blood bath as the wars in the past. The Cold War was not fought with soldiers and weaponry, it was a political and economical competition between the Soviet Union and the United States. Two major weapons used in this conceptual war were media and propaganda. Posters, letters, and television ploys were just a few of the ways propaganda was applied to the battle. Two major components of the war was the space race and the nuclear arms race. The U.S. and the Soviet Union contended with each other to see who could get into outer space first and who had more nuclear capabilities. Many propaganda posters were created from both sides displaying who had more power. The Soviet Union used propaganda to its full extent by promoting their philosophy of economic egalitarianism, socialist ideas, (Cold War Damage) in western countries that sanctioned these ideas. The promotion of these beliefs we ...

Top 5 Less Crowded Sites to Look For Retail Jobs

Top 5 Less Crowded Sites to Look For Retail Jobs You’re looking for a job in retail and it seems that all the usual job search sites are teeming with applicants. You want to find somewhere less crowded and more focused where you can search and apply in peace for your very specific skill set. Try searching off the beaten path for your next retail job- you’ll find employers who aren’t getting absolutely inundated with responses, and you might just find your next job! 1.  All Retail JobsThis site is free, lists from over 12,000 retail employers and recruiters, and lists both management and hourly job openings. You can save search specifications and set up email notifications that match your profile.2. Work In RetailThis site can also send you real-time job recommendations as they are posted. It’s free and focuses on retail- with job postings at any level.3. Retail Careers NowThis site is free, lets you set up an account/alerts, upload your resume, and do market and salary research. Good for both browsing and searching, it highlights â€Å"featured† jobs and employers.4. Retail CrossingThis free site boasts that it’s the â€Å"largest collection of retail jobs on earth.† It displays how many new jobs were posted by week and how many total jobs are currently available to search, and lets you preview your search by job type. You can also upload your resume and get some good general retail career information by browsing through.5. Retail Jobs WebAnother free site, much like the others, this one  very easily lets you search not only by position type but also by industry, or state, or full-time/part-time. You can even search by company, if you already have one in mind.

Logics Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Logics - Term Paper Example Brow includes the three theories by Professor Rich Savin- Williams which has given a totally different flavor to the article. These theories are used to understand why the concept of gay and lesbian has become so widely accepted today. He blames it on the openness that exists in the work and leisure environment today. Williams believes that since the gay and lesbian members of the community have openly accepted themselves as gays and lesbians, the other members of the society can do little to discriminate against them. The article moves on to describe a very controversial concept which deals with why only the men are accepting their gay nature so openly and why women are still conservative when it comes to this. Brow brings in what he calls the â€Å"ceiling effect† to describe this. Brow concludes that there is no philosophical reasoning to why men are more acceptable to such notions, it is just that men are catching up to women and there may be a time when tables turn over w omen. Towards the end, Brow also touches gay and lesbian marriages and says that even though such members are acceptable in the society; their open relationships are still not welcome in the US. Gay marriages are still a controversial topic in the US and Brow thinks that it would continue to be so until the next few years. Although Brow begins with a very instinctive approach towards gays and lesbians by stating that the topic that he has considered and the facts that he has gathered are â€Å"stunning† just to emphasize how magnificently faulty they are (Bergmann, 1997). It gives the reader a feel that Brow is not very happy with the notion of accepting such members in the society and particularly military in a free fashion. However, as the article proceeds, Brow changes his approach to be a more analytical one. He states theories by Professor Williams and he uses statistics and

Comparison Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Comparison - Essay Example Deforestation has been an ongoing process on this planet from time immoral. The transformation of forested lands by human activities is one of the major reasons for global environmental change and biodiversity loss. There are several reasons for which forest and its natural resources are exploited and overexploited. Forests are cleared, degraded and fragmented by timber harvest, conversion to agriculture, road-building, human-caused fire, and in numerous other ways. Deforestation is a local problem that can have global consequences and is a treat to human civilization. This paper compares the impact of deforestation in China and Amazon. Economic growth and environmental degradation continues to coexist in China. This has resulted in unsustainable rates of deforestation, high levels of air pollution, and low levels of water quality and quantity (Siciliano, 2006). Deforestation in China has not been a recent issue it had started with the expanding agricultural activities to support human life. Robert Marks in his book entitled Tigers, Rice, Silk, and Silt examines the correlations between economic and environmental changes in the southern imperial Chinese provinces of Guangdong and Guangxi (a region historically known as Lingnan, "South of the Mountains") from 1400 to 1850. Marks in-depth analysis show the impact of population growth on land use patterns, the agro-ecology, and deforestation; the commercialization of agriculture and its implications; the impact of climatic change on agriculture; and the ways in which the human population responded to environmental challenges (Marks, 1998). Earliest history of agricultural activities in Lingnan shows that this region was known for the cultivation of sweet potatoes till the end of seventeenth century. Planting sweet potato required no fertilizers and less labor and could be planted in the hilly, sandy

Narrow Scope of the Equality Act Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Narrow Scope of the Equality Act - Essay Example The division enlisted from varied segments of the business such as prostitution and pornography. However, an action study notes that in spite of such moves, the rights of sex workers are yet to be fully covered as required by the Equality Act. The action element also comprised of developing an informal union that brought together of sex workers and in the UK. It was to be known as the International Union of Sex Workers. Since its inception, the branch has provided union benefits leaflets that are tailored to sex workers with benefits that include discounts on self-defence classes and lingerie products. There has been ongoing work to arrange sex workers who are not UK citizens. The arrangement has been geared towards ensuring that all their rights are catered for through ways like establishing contacts with their families in their home countries and teaching them to speak English to assist them in their work. Social activities have also been developed to link them with the society the y ply their trade in (Feis-Bryce, 2012).Following closely in the footsteps of the World Organisation (WHO) and The Lancet among others, the Economist has come out in favour of decriminalising prostitution. In the UK, currently, sex work is technically legal as opposed to the popular opinion depicted in scenes. Moreover, sex selling itself is not illegal. Nevertheless, soliciting, brothels and pimps are illegal. While this might sound fair and promising to sex workers, it however does mean that sex workers are often forced.

How Cell Phones Have Influenced The Media

How Cell Phones Have Influenced The Media It is not unfathomable that a 7th Mass Media may appear sometime in the not too distant future. This new mass media is the mobile phone or as some call it, the cell phone. With around 84 percent of American adults owning a cell phone, cell phone usage has already penetrated deep into our society. It is reported that two-thirds of cell phone users also use other features including texting, e-mailing, web browsing and apps (software applications that allow them to play games, access web content and access media or data). Only a third of Americans now use their cell phones just for making phone calls (Domain-b). CellularHYPERLINK http://www.articlesbase.com/computers-articles/how-cell-phones-have-changed-our-lives-432849.html HYPERLINK http://www.articlesbase.com/computers-articles/how-cell-phones-have-changed-our-lives-432849.htmlphones have had a major impact on our lives and the way that we perform everyday tasks. Many of these changes are apparent, while others we may not even be aw are of (Anonymous).A cell phone is the only universal gadget because the need to communicate is more powerful than the need to compute, to be entertained or to be informed (Ahonen 1). With a cell phone we get all of these things wrapped into one little neat device that fits right in our pocket. The cell phone is not the dumb little brother of the internet, nor the dumb tiny screen version of TV. Yes, the cell phone is small, but it has attributes that make it a superior medium in many ways and a dominating media channel in the three most important factors reach, audience accuracy and money (Ahonen 6). What Ahonen is saying is that while small in size, the cell phone will have a huge impact on mass media. The power of the mobile phone as a mass media is six elements not available on previous mass media. (1) The phone is the first truly personal media. A 2006 survey by wired revealed that 63% of the population does not share the phone even with ones spouse, it is that personal. (2) The phone is always carried. A survey in 2005 by BDDO found that 60% of the population sleeps with the phone physically in bed; a Nokia 2006 study found that 72% of us use the phone as our alarm clock. (3) The phone is the first always-on mass media, today many media offer alerts via the phone, what is on another real time media like TV, such as CNN breaking news alerts via SMS. Probably the most important, is that (4) the phone has a built-in payment mechanism. No other media has a built-in payment mechanism, even on the internet you have to subscribe to PayPal or provide a credit card, etc. But already today, older media collect payments through the phone. TV shows from Big Brother to American Idol earn bi llions via SMS votes. Perhaps the most novel phenomenon is that (5) the phone is a creative tool available always at the point of creative impulse. The camera phone (which is also our video recorder and podcast recorder) is in our pocket, always at the ready to snap images and clips. User-generated content is radically altering the media world as seen at YouTube etc. And (6), mobile is the only mass media with near-perfect audience information. Where most print are sold on newsstands and even subscriptions do not tell who in the household consumes the periodicals, and TV and radio rely on Nielsen ratings and similar audience estimates, the internet promised accurate audience measurements. That proved to be a false promise, as firewalls, shared PCs, multiple accounts, removed cookies and users deliberately falsifying their info have proven. But on cellular networks, every individual phone user is identified uniquely, across the billions of phones worldwide. Having a pre-paid account (voucher/pay-as-you-go) does not diminish the unique identification of every phone. Thus mobile for the first time offers near-perfect audience data (Ahonen). Mobiles are an integral part of our lives so much that many of us cannot remember a time without them. To have a mobile has become second nature and we are generally never separated from them we eat, breathe and, yes, even sleep with our mobile phones making them the most private and personal accessory we own today. And yet, there is still a lack of understanding about how mobile can be a powerful, complimentary mass media. It can be boiled down to two key differentiators: 1) mobile is interactive; and 2) mobile has unique features including SMS and MMS. These differentiators create something that no other media can the ability to respond to, initiate and maintain a dialogue between those wanting to communicate, whether they are family and friends, colleagues, or brands and advertisers (Ahonen, Foreward). Like the internet before it, today the phone can replicate everything the previous six mass media can do. You can consume newspapers, read magazine articles, listen to radio and podcasts, buy MP3 songs, watch TV, even watch whole movies on the phone. Any web content can be consumed on the phone, and the phone easily supersedes the interactivity of the web, because e-mail and IM are already on the phone, but SMS and MMS messaging are unique to mobile. Nick Wiggin, the head of the Mobile Marketing Association, says: The mobile phone will be the red-button technology of the future it will enable interaction with broadcast media, be that radio, posters or TV. Mobile is the media glue that links different communications solutions together (Bonello). These days people are all about portability we want to get news, listen to music, and even watch some of our favorite TV shows all on the go. Mobiles are an integral part of our lives, so much that many of us cannot remember a time without them. To have a mobile has become second nature and we are generally never separated from them. We eat, breathe and, yes, even sleep with our mobile phones, making them the most private and personal accessory we own today(Ahonen). The future will be even more mobile. We will be connecting more people, devices, pets, plants, etc all via mobile, not via the traditional internet or television or any other technology (Ahonen and Moore 55). Mobile is a simple solution for many people to simplify their lives and how they choose to get their information. Will cell phones phase out more traditional media such as print media, Television and Radio? This is still uncertain but largely people own twice as many cell phones as TV sets, there are three times as many cell phone subscribers as internet users, and four times as many cell phones as Personal Computers. Advertising, news, TV, internet giants, social networking and even Hollywood movies and printed books are now rushing to capture their share of this 7th mass media (Ahonen 1). Through about six decades of continuous evolution, the mobile phone has retained its relevance to the life of the modern man. At every stage in his growth curve, it has undergone metamorphosis, adding features and functionalities that make it even more indispensable. It started as an extension of the landline; a bridge between the home and office landlines. It found relevance in the need of the modern professional to remain in communication in and out of home or office, at play, in the car, at lunch and anywhere else. The mobile phone has since moved up from this simplistic role to become more actively involved in the way modern businesses are conducted (Awe). How has mobile changed news media? How many people get their news has largely changed. First was radio, then television, and then came the internet. So where does the cell phone fit into all of this? The cell phone is a valuable tool for both obtaining news and capturing it live. Chicago even has its very own 9-1-1 video call line where citizens send images from their cell phones to the police department if they witness a crime has been committed. The images from 9-1-1 callers will allow authorities to analyze emergency situations more objectively, says Jose Santiago the executive director of the citys Emergency Management and Communication.They also can be used as evidence in a criminal case, he said (Main). Portable news via a personal cell phone is accessible to the public 24/7 wherever that specific person may be; this has made news on the go a likely choice for anyone with a cell phone who wants to keep up with what is going on in the news. Nearly half of American adults say the y get at least some of their local news and information on their cell phone or tablet computer according to a survey by the Pew research center (Purcell, Rainey, Rosenstiel, and Mitchell). How we get our music is also changing due to the mobile phone. In adapting to an age where the passion for music, particularly among the young and the young at heart, has risen to obsessive proportions, mobile phones have largely become music devices. There are mobile phones on the market that are anything between a radio transistor and an MP 3 player. There are many that can give almost the same music experience as traditional music devices. Apart from downloading music for listening pleasure, mobile phone users can also download any music of their choice as ring tones (Awe). Music was the first content type to emerge as paid downloaded content to mobile phones 11 years ago. Today mobile is a giant new market opportunity for the music industry. (Ahonen 46). With so many changes and advancements in technology these days it is not surprising that music and how people get and listen to their music has transitioned as well. The portable music revolution has been with us for only a few y ears according to an article in Wired Magazine online, but we may see a slow transition from a standard mp3 player to a cell phone when it comes to music access and playback. This change will not be driven by cell phones that act like MP3 players, dishing out music that must be organized by the user. It wont even be about software that streams your own music to your phone. Instead, the next great thing in music technology will be cell phone applications that replicate the experience of listening to interactive, customized radio stations at a computer (Buskirk). According to Buskirk, interactive radio on your cell phone can replace your mp3 player. Most interactive radio services such as Pandora, Flycast, and AOL radio have free and paid versions for getting access to your music. Of course not everyone will automatically throw away their standard mp3 players in favor of this option. One of the downsides to accessing music via cell phone is that the music is streaming online so if you have no signal, then you have no music. Accessing music with our cell phone will become a viable option and will continue to grow in popularity but it will not totally replace other more traditional methods. Books are also transitioning. In fact, while items like the Amazon Kindle are popular portable reading devices, there is another portable device some others prefer, the cell phone. A growing number of people are getting their book fix via mobile phone. It is considered a more convenient method over the dedicated e readers available. The idea of downloading a book to a device you already own is most appealing to those on a budget or to those who simply do not want to carry something extra around all the time to access their books (Kharif). In this technology-enamored nation, the mobile phone has become widespread as an entertainment and communication device that reading e-mail, news headlines and weather forecasts, rather advanced mobile features by global standards, is routine. Now, Japans cell-phone users are turning pages. Tens of thousands of Japanese cell-phone owners are poring over full-length novels on their tiny screens. You can read whenever you have a spare moment, and you dont even need to use both hands, says Taro Matsumura, a 24-year-old graduate student who sometimes reads essays and serial novels on his phone. Such times could be just around the corner in the United States, where cell phones are become increasingly used for relaying data, including video, digital photos and music( Associated Press). It has also been noted that cell phones may be more important to the future of publishing than dedicated e-reading devices. Whereas in the US dedicated devices such as the Kindle, Nook, and iPad get most of the spotlight, these devices have been slow to make it to the rest of the world and so most people elsewhere read on their mobile phones. Since mobile phones tend to be considerably less expensive than e-book devices, in the developing world they are far more likely to be owned for other purposes already (Meadows). Using cell phones for internet access is also very popular these days. Although most people still access the Internet on a computer, the use of mobile devices to check e-mail or browse the Web is growing, outpacing even laptops in some markets, according to a new study (Associated Press). What is media convergence in relation to cell phones? Convergence is the process where several media channels come together to exist and operate in synergy or rather in harmony. A media convergence is basically seen in every persons cell phone, glance down at your palm and there sits a device that can click a photograph, edit and modify the same and also send it like a mail. Some people like to define media convergence simply by stating it to be a merger of mass media and communication outlets. In some cases multi utility of the same gadget or some media was also attributed to be a media convergence (K). By virtue of it always being with you, the mobile phone is the most personal of devices. Let us look at the following questions: How many of us have personal pictures on our mobile phones? (It holds our precious treasures) How many of us keep personal appointments or reminders on our mobile? (Like a personal assistant) Is our mobile phone used for an alarm? (We go to bed and wake up with it) Does our mobile phone serve as a GPS? (Gives directions helps us get to where we need to go) There are many uses and most importantly many personal uses for a cell phone because we are busy, always running around either for work or for home the mobile device has grown in importance , and continues to do so. Marketers know this and so does everyone else in the world. They want to interact with us as close to that moment of want as possible. That moment when we see something and we want it! They want to have a hand in creating that moment for us. Marketers, merchandisers and everyone else want to interact with us as much as possible and wherever we find ourselves. The mobile phone allows the message (whatever that may be) to reach us wherever we find ourselves. For many of us, where they find our mobile phone they will most likely find us! Thats why media convergence is taking place at the mobile phone. Not because of the phone but because of us (HC). Blogger Cdauphin states in his blog on Open Salon about Media Convergence and the smart phone: As an avid cell phone user I find that my use of the computer, a past necessity, seems to have gone downhill. Different mass media being converted into the newest technologies has been going on for decades, however I find that the technologies of the smart phones many of us use today has really taken this to a new level and opened up a whole new way of accessing as many media portals in one small device. So much of my life can now be found in this little device that fits in my pocket that my Internet, television and even book usage has gone down significantly. As a daily news addict I have not only changed from reading the newspaper to watching it on television, but now I get an alert on my phone from BBC News every time there is a new breaking story. Being interested in the happenings around the world no longer takes any effort- my phone does the work for me (Cdauphin). Mobile advertising is the next big thing according to an article in the Economist, last year spending on mobile ads was $871million worldwide. At the moment, most mobile advertising takes the form of text messages. The 2.5 billion mobile phones around the world can potentially reach a much bigger audience than the planets billion or so personal computers. The number of mobile phones in use is also growing much faster than the number of computers, especially in poorer countries. Better yet, most people carry their mobile with them everywheresomething that cannot be said of television or computers. Yet the biggest selling point of mobile ads is what marketing types call relevance. Advertisers believe that about half of all traditional advertising does not reach the right audience. Less effort and money is wasted with online advertising: half of it is sold on a pay-per-click basis, which means advertisers pay only when consumers click on an ad but mobile advertising through text message s is the most focused: if marketers use mobile firms profiles of their customers cleverly enough, they can tailor their advertisements to match each subscribers habits. While it is true that mobile phones have helped us connect and make changes in how we get our information on a day to day basis, there are also conflicting views on whether or not this is a good thing. Though cell phones can be wonderful, liberating tools of communication, freeing us from the confines of an office, and providing more leisure time, they often do the exact opposite. Cell phone use has blurred the boundaries between work and non-work time, increasing stress and tension within families and between friends. As Noelle Chesley, assistant professor of sociology at the University of Wisconsin at Milwaukee, explained in a report on CBS News, The question of blurred boundaries may become an irrelevant one for the next generation of workers, spouses, and parents because they cannot imagine life any other way. As Slate commented in his Adbusters essay, It seems the more connected we are, the more detached we become(Dangl). One of the greatest disadvantages of the cellular phone i s the fact that we do not talk to strangers when traveling anymore. In the past, several people waiting for a bus would engage in a conversation while they were waiting. People who traveled the same routes every day might develop friendships along the way. This situation does not happen anymore. Today when people are waiting for a bus, they just pull out their cell phones and speak with old friends, missing out on the opportunity to make new ones. In large cities, many people do not know their neighbors, even though they may have lived in the same neighborhood for years. As a society, we are beginning to lose the face-to-face contact that was such an important part of our lives in the past. Cell phones are a great asset in aiding in our everyday lives. However, you should remember, however, to hang up every once in a while and pay attention to the world around you (Anonymous).

Dr. Seuss Report Essay -- essays research papers fc

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Not all children may know his real name, but they do know what they like. And what they like is the author Theodor Geisel, or better known as the beloved Dr. Seuss. During the years of my early childhood I fondly remember my parents reading me the whimsical words of Dr. Seuss. His books were filled with imagination and humor which made them very enjoyable for me to listen to. As I got older I started to read Dr. Seuss books all by myself. All of his books are constructed with simple words that make it easy for children to learn how to read. With the pages full of colourful pictures and very little text his books were never overwhelming for a young reader. The simplicity of his books always encouraged me on my path to learning how to read because I never felt like I had to give up. The themes that can be found within his books may be viewed as nonsensical to some, but to most children they are very amusing. The text that Dr. Seuss uses in all of his books consists of words that are important for all children to have in their early and developing vocabulary. I decided to pick Dr. Seuss for my ISP in this course because I find his writing to be educational and very entertaining at the same.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are many similarities to be found between the books written by Dr. Seuss and my original work . For this project I decided to mimic the writing styles that can be found within The Cat in the Hat and One Fish Two Fish Red Fish Blue Fish, two of his most popular books. In 1954 Life magazine published a report about illiteracy among school children. This article stated that children were bored by the books that were available to them at the beginning reader level. His publisher sent Mr. Geisel a list of 400 words that he thought were important for â€Å"new readers† to learn. Geisel used 220 of the words and wrote the infamous book titled The Cat in the Hat. This book was an instant success among children and parents. While writing my original work for this project I wrote myself a list of 300 words that I thought would be important for new readers to learn. Out of the 220 words that I selected I utilized approximately 125 of them within my book. In the Dr. Seuss book titled One Fish Two Fish Red Fish Blue Fish there is no plot that is carried throughout the entire book. Each page is a ... ... New York: Random House, 1958. Geisel, Theodor. Dr. Seuss’s ABC. New York: Random House, 1963.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Geisel, Theodor. The Five Hundred Hats of Bartholomew Cubbins. New York: Random House, 1938.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Geisel, Theodor. Foot Book. New York: Random House, 1968. Geisel, Theodor. The Fox in Socks. New York: Random House, 1971. Geisel, Theodor. Green Eggs and Ham. New York: Random House, 1960. Geisel, Theodor. Hop on Pop. New York: Random House, 1963. Geisel, Theodor. Horton Hears a Who. New York: Random House, 1954.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Geisel, Theodor. How the Grinch Stole Christmas. New York: Random House, 1957. Geisel, Theodor. I Am Not Going to Get Up Today. New York: Random House, 1987. Geisel, Theodor. If I Ran the Circus. New York: Random House, 1956.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Geisel, Theodor. Oh, the Places You’ll Go. New York: Random House, 1990. Geisel, Theodor. One Fish Two Fish Red Fish Blue Fish. New York: Random House, 1960. Sendak, Maurice. The Secret Art of Dr. Seuss. New York: Random House, 1995.

Heat of Formation of Magnesium Oxide

ObjetiveTo determine the heat formation of MgO (Magnesium Oxide) using Hess’s Law, which states the heat within a chemical reaction is independent of the pathway between the initial and final states.IntroductionChemical reactions require heat energy to complete, called an endothermic reaction, or produce heat energy, and thus called an exothermic reaction. The heat energy produced by such reactions can be measured using a calorimeter, a piece of equipment that can isolate the reaction in an insulated container. Using the calorimeter one can then determine the rise and fall in temperature of the reaction. When this temperature change is multiplied by the heat capacity, the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of a body by one degree, we can measure the change in converting our initial components (reactants) to their respective products.In this experiment we will measure the amount of heat released from 3 reactions (ΔHA ΔHB ΔHC) and calculate the sum of all 3 reactions to determine ΔHT, which will give us the heat formation of MgO. If Hess’s law holds true and barring minimal experimental error, the pathway we use to determine ΔHT should have no bearing on our calculation matching the accepted calculation of MgO.MethodsAs per lab manual we used a calibrated calorimeter (using a rounded end thermometer so as to not puncture a hole in the calorimeter) to determine the heats of reaction for Magnesium (Mg) with Hydrochloric Acid (HCl) and Hydrochloric Acid with Magnesium Oxide (MgO). Then using mathematical formulas we were able to calculate the heat formation of MgO, which is measured in kJ/Mol. Since both reactions are in dilute water solutions of  HCl it was necessary to know the heat capacity of water, but because some heat would be transferred to the calorimeter whose heat capacity was unknown, we had to record a correction factor (x) based upon the specific heat of water using the equation [m(h2o)+X]Cwater+Δwate r=-1(m(ice water)CwaterΔtice water).We then recorded the mass (m) of room temperature water and ice water each in a respective cup and then poured the ice water into the room temperature water and recorded the temperature change. By knowing (x) we could then calculate the heat of reaction for Mg with HCl (ΔHA kJ/mol) and for HCl with MgO (ΔHB kJ/mol) using the equation q=m(HCl+X)C ΔT where m is the mass of the reactant used with Mg + X, C is the heat capacity of water (4.184 J/g °C), and ΔT is the total temperature change in each reaction. Using the results of these calculations and Hess’s law we can then determine the heat formation for MgO.DataAll mass readings are given in units of grams (g), and all temperature readings are given in degrees Celsius ( °C).Part AMass of the Calorimeter + RoomTemp Water (g)48.08Mass of room temp water (g)46.29Mass of Cal + room temp water + icewater (g)115.40Mass of ice water (g)67.32Temp of room temp water ( °C)42. 4Temp of the ice water ( °C)0.1Final temp. of room temp water ( °C)17.3Change in temp of ice water ( °C)17.2Change of temp of room temp water ( °C)-25.1Mass of the calorimeter (g)1.79Part 2AMass of Calorimeter (g)1.79Mass of Cal + HCl (g)103.55Mass of HCL (g)101.76Mass of Mg (g)0.5Temperature of HCl ( °C)20.3Final temperature of HCl + Mg ( °C)42.0Change in Temperature ( °C)21.7Part BMass of Calorimeter (g)1.79Mass of Cal + HCl (g)101.76Mass of HCl (g)99.88Mass of MgO (g)0.8Temperature of HCl ( °C)20.3Final temperature of HCl + MgO ( °C)25.8Change in Temperature ( °C)5.50Results and DiscussionTo calculate X using the equation [m(h2o)+X]Cwater+Δwater=-1(m(ice water)CwaterΔtice water) the variable X must be isolated and doing so we were than able to calculate the correction factor:Based on the calculations of the calorimeter correction factor, X was determined to be 0.158 g. Then using the equation q=m(HCl+X)C *ΔT, where q is equal to the amount of energ y given off, and than calculating the value in -kJ/Mol (because these are exothermic reactions) we were able to determine ΔHA and ΔHB.qA=m(HCl+X)C xΔTqA=(101.76 g + 0.158 g) x 4.184 J/g °C x 21.7 °CqA= 9250 J = 9.250 kJ 9.253602176qB= m(HCl+X)C xΔTqB=(101.76 g + 0.158 g) x 4.184 J/g °C x 5.50 °CqB=2350 J = 2.350 kJTo then calculate the heat formation of MgO ΔHT, the sum of all the reactions must be determined including ΔHC, the heat formation of water, which is already predetermined to be -285.8 kJ/mol. However to determine the proper equation for ΔHT, the stoichiometric equations must first be balanced:Therefore the heat formation of MgO was determined to be -618.35 kJ/mol. According to the textbook, the accepted value for ΔHT=-601.8 kJ/mol. To determine the accuracy of the calculation we can determine the % error:As far as accuracy goes a percent error of 2.75% is very acceptable. Because the methods of the experiment were conducted using a crude calorimeter I would have expected the percent error to be higher, assuming that because of it’s construction it would not have very high efficiency.I would expect that any error that might have occurred happened during the transference from one cup to another. Because the substances were transferred so quickly and taking into account the number of seconds that it took to replace the thermometer to begin recording data again it is possible that energy was either lost in the transfer or energy was lost before the recording was actually able to begin.ConclusionIn this lab we were able to determine the heat of formation of MgO using a simply constructed calorimeter, which was found to be -618.35 kJ/mol.

Alienation in the Music Industry

Even though it has been quite a long time since Marx wrote about alienation, we can still apply his ideas to contemporary jobs. As an international student and a semi-professional musician, I will compare Marx’s ideas to Turkish and global music sector and examine whether they still pertain. I have been producing music for 12 years now and since last year I started producing music that really makes me feel satisfied. Last year, my band mates and me started seeking a record deal so that we could start making money.We read articles on ‘How to write a hit song? ’, ‘How to sell a song? ’ and on the general trends in the music sector. We noticed that almost all popular songs follow a similar pattern. 2012 statistics of ‘album sales’ in Turkey clarifies that nearly every song in top 50 is produced with a techno music background. â€Å"This emerging genre of dance music is produced by an unprecedented level of complex technologies involving com puterized, electronic, hybrid machines that replace the traditional musical instruments. We can observe the same statistics in a global scale. We can understand techno music’s structure from digitally synthesized western chords and a digital drum kicks in every beat. In my opinion constant drum kicks in this music is a great metaphor for laborers who have to go to their workplaces and do the same assignments over and over again. Because of its basic, repetitive and computerized structure, it can be produced by anyone with a computer and adequate recording software.Alienation, in Karl Marx’s words â€Å"†¦ replaces labour by machines but throws a part of the workers back to barbaric labour and turns the other part into machines. It produces culture, but also imbecility and cretinism for the worker. † Because of its complex structure and need for creativity, you cannot find any jazz songs in the best-seller list. In a globalized world we need to understand Ma rx’s ability to foresee this capitalist trend. â€Å"The need of a constantly expanding market for its products chases the bourgeoisie over the whole surface of the globe.It must nestle everywhere, settle everywhere, establish connections everywhere† . This quote made me think about the country that earns the most money out of this sector, United States of America. If we look at the Turkish music industry, it is obvious that songs that are most listened to are influenced by western musical traditions. Instead of creating music that has traditional Turkish elements or composing creative music, people tend to produce this global and mainstream genre just to make money.Another reason for this sort of production is that approximately 90 percent of the recording software that Turkish producers use, such as example ‘Logic Pro’ and ‘Cubase’ are made in USA. These software don’t let you use microtonal notes and scales that Turkish music has. In order to produce a digital song, your composition should be in Western structure. The quote â€Å"The external character of labour for the worker shows itself in the fact that it is not his own but someone else’s, that does not belong to him†(Ibid. ) pertains perfectly to this phenomenon.Lisiunia Romenienko wrote in his article that this transformation of IT and related technology ‘has had a diametrical effect in music’. For him â€Å"Computer technology has actually unified fragmented communities involved in techno music production, increased the quality of manufactured goods available to produce techno music, and facilitated cooperation across artistic and technological community factions†¦ This has resulted in comprehensive collaboration arrangements and prolific works of music production, thus optimizing aesthetic potential and maximizing opportunities for human creativity. In contrast to his opinions I think that this transformation creates ali enation in music industry thus limiting creativity. This change causes musicians in developing countries to imitate mainstream artists in order to join the global competition. People evaluate success based on how much money one is making. In order to be a part of this competition, you have be successful, therefore musicians now create basic, pre-structured, mediocre music that affects a huge part of the society.By linking the modern capitalist society, specifically the Turkish music industry to Marx’s thoughts on alienation, one can expose crucial elements of contemporary issues. His explanations on externalization of labour and alienation in the act of production can be used to describe how musicians are alienated in our modern society. It is clear to me that this trend of globalization and mass marketing limits creativity and individuality in music, resulting in mediocre, similar and low quality works, which are devoid of color and taste. Bibliography 1. Istatistikler. â₠¬  Muyap. N. p. , n. d. Web. Oct. 2012. . 2. Romanienko, Lisiunia 2001, â€Å"Disputing Marxian Alienation and Hegelian Dialectics Through The Elective Affinities Of Techno Music† in No Walls Leicester, UK: De Montfort University 2001 3. â€Å"Billboard 200. † Billboard. N. p. , n. d. Web. Oct. 2012. . 4. Kivisto, Peter. â€Å"Alienated Labor. † Social Theory: Roots and Branches. New York: Oxford UP, 2011. 6-9. Print. 5. Marx, Karl, and Friedrich Engels. â€Å"Chapter 1. † Manifesto of the Communist Party. Peking: Foreign Languages, 1965. N. pag. Print.

Pros and Cons of Hydrogen Fuel-Cell Vehicles

Pros and Cons of Hydrogen Fuel-Cell Vehicles The jury is still out on whether hydrogen will ultimately be our environmental savior, replacing the fossil fuels responsible for global warming and various nagging forms of pollution. Two main hurdles stand in the way of mass production and widespread consumer adoption of hydrogen â€Å"fuel-cell† vehicles: the still high cost of producing fuel cells; and the lack of a hydrogen refueling network. The High Cost of Building Hydrogen Fuel-Cell Vehicles Reining in manufacturing costs of fuel-cell vehicles is the first major issue the automakers are addressing. Several had  fuel-cell prototype vehicles on the road, sometimes even leasing them to the public, but they were spending upwards of $1 million to produce each one due to the advanced technology involved and low production runs. Toyota reduced its costs per fuel-cell vehicle and as of 2015 sells its Mirai model for close to $60,000 in the United States. The Honda FCX Clarity is available only in southern California. Other manufacturers have been investing in developing mass-market models as well.   Still Too Few Places to Refuel Another problem is the lack of hydrogen refueling stations. Major oil companies have been loathe to set up hydrogen tanks at existing gas stations for many reasons, ranging from safety to cost to lack of demand. But obviously the oil companies are also trying to keep customers interested in their highly profitable bread-and-butter product: gasoline. A more likely scenario is what is emerging in California, where a few dozen  independent hydrogen fuel stations are located around the state as part of a network created by the nonprofit California Fuel Cell Partnership, a consortium of automakers, state and federal agencies, and other parties interested in furthering hydrogen fuel-cell technologies. The Benefits of Hydrogen Over Fossil Fuels The benefits of ditching fossil fuels for hydrogen are many, of course. Burning fossil fuels like coal, natural gas and oil to heat and cool our buildings and run our vehicles takes a heavy toll on the environment, contributing significantly to both local problems such as elevated particulate levels and global ones such as a warming climate. The only by-product of running a hydrogen-powered fuel cell is oxygen and a trickle of water, neither of which will cause any harm to human health or the environment. Hydrogen Is Still Closely Tied to Fossil Fuels But right now, a large percentage of the hydrogen available in the United States is either extracted from fossil fuels or made using electrolytic processes powered by fossil fuels, thus negating any real emissions savings or reduction in fossil-fuel usage. Only if renewable energy sources- solar, wind, and others- can be harnessed to provide the energy to process hydrogen fuel can the dream of a truly clean hydrogen fuel be realized. Renewable Energy the Key to Clean Hydrogen Fuel Stanford University researchers in 2005 assessed the environmental effects of three different hydrogen sources: coal, natural gas, and water electrolysis powered by wind. They concluded that we would lower greenhouse gas emissions more by driving gasoline/electric hybrid cars than by driving fuel-cell cars run on hydrogen from coal. Hydrogen made using natural gas would fare a little bit better in terms of pollution output, while making it from wind power would be a slam-dunk for the environment.